1.1 On 4 June 1998, the European Communities requested consultations with the United States pursuant to Acticle 4 of the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (hereinafter the "DSU"), Article XXIII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (hereinafter the "GATT 1994") and Article 17.3 of the Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (hereinafter the Anti-Dumping Agreement") regarding failure on the part of the United States to repeal Title VIII of the US Revenue Act of 1916, also known as the US Antidumping Act of 1916 (hereinafter the "1916 Act").