From the [Freedom Archives](https://search.freedomarchives.org/search.php?view_collection=8): > Robert Franklin Williams was a civil rights leader, the president of the Monroe, North Carolina NAACP chapter in the 1950s and early 1960s, and author. After fleeing North Carolina for advocating, teaching and practicing self-defense, he became a staunch internationalist living in Cuba and China before returning to the United States.