Friedrich Engels (German pronunciation: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈɛŋəls]; 28 November 1820 – 5 August 1895) was a German social scientist, author, political theorist, philosopher, and father of communist theory, alongside Karl Marx. Together they produced *The Communist Manifesto* in 1848. Engels also edited the second and third volumes of *Das Kapital* after Marx's death.